A world leader in exposure assessment for chemicals and pesticides

Providing support to government and the regulated community

Supporting assessments of:

• Diet and tapwater
• Indoor air
• Occupational
• Consumer Products
• Environmental sources

Who is LINEA Inc.

LINEA uses the most recent advances in the field of exposure assessment to solve clients' problems in a timely and cost effective manner. We specialize in the assessment of exposures from diet and residential use of chemicals and in the assessment of aggregate and cumulative risks. LINEA is a leader in the design and development of computer software and models to assess exposure and risk. LINEA has assisted in the design of novel field studies. LINEA staff has extensive experience with the USEPA and other North American regulatory agencies. LINEA has provided support to the American Chemistry Council; the chemical, pesticide, and food industries; and the Department of Defense. Recent projects include the development of a split-back approach for modeling the dislodgeability of pesticides from pet fur, modeling exposure to glycol ethers from commercial and consumer cleaners, assessing exposures and risks from exposure to riot control agents, assessing exposures to trace levels of metals in chocolate, and modeling longitudinal pesticide exposures in workers.

LINEA is the creator of P³M, a software program to model correlations in physiological parameters used in exposure and PBPK assessments. For more information and a copy of P³M click here. P³M is currently being used by a number of researchers to link exposure to biological monitoring data. P³M technology is licensed for use in LifeLine and is used in LINEAs defense related software. Modelers interested in incorporating P³M technology into their software should contact LINEA Inc.

Click here to contact LINEA Inc.

Specific Skills

• Assessment of exposure to chemical residues in food and agricultural products, including assessments to support FIFRA registrations;
• Inhalation exposure modeling:
  • Chemical species vaporizing from liquid or solid mixtures
  • Chemical species released into a room during material transfer
  • Standard Outdoor Dispersion Modeling from Stacks; and
  • Indoor air exchange rates.
• Statistical analysis of industrial hygiene monitoring data (central tendency, dispersion and level of exceedance of inhalation exposure relative to an exposure limit (EL));
• Design of:
  • Exposure/monitoring studies for agricultural/consumer product and occupational /industrial uses; and
  • Simulated Exposure Scenario Testing Protocols.
• Calculation of airborne particle size distribution and its relationship to respirable or inhalable mass;
• Estimating dermal exposure using state-of-the-science modeling;
• Modeling (or designing laboratory protocols to) estimate air-to-skin deposition of airborne compounds and;
• Characterizing aggregate and cumulative exposures to chemicals.

• Supporting PBPK modeling:
  • Assessing inter- and intra- individual variation in target tissues doses; and
  • Relating exposure data to biomonitoring data.
• Establishment of working exposure limits using ACGIH and other industry standard approaches;
• Dose-Response modeling of variable concentration toxicity data using various models (Probit, Linear, Linear Multi-Stage, etc); and
• Two dimensional time and concentration response (C, t probit) modeling for emergency response planning.

• Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis of risk determinant variables and outcomes;
• Industrial Hygiene surveys to evaluate potential "hot spots" requiring modeling or monitoring;
• Gauging of the health and safety "culture" within a facility;
• Designing a corporate Product Safety Risk Assessment Process for a global chemical management system; and
• Educate technical personal in the scientific models and details of the chemical or product safety risk assessments.